Mmara-Silicone a Ɛbubu, a Ɛyɛ Kɔla a Ebetumi Akɔ Ɛlektrik

Silicone foforo a wɔahu no yɛ semiconductor, Michigan Sukuupɔn mu nhwehwɛmufo ahu-upending assumptions sɛ nneɛma kuw no yɛ insulating nkutoo.

"Nneɛma no bue hokwan ma nneɛma foforo a wɔde kyerɛ nneɛma a ɛyɛ tratraa, photovoltaics a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, sensor ahorow a wotumi hyɛ anaasɛ ntade mpo a ebetumi ada nsusuwii anaa mfonini ahorow adi," Richard Laine, U-M ɔbenfo a ɔkyerɛ nneɛma ho nyansahu ne mfiridwuma ne macromolecular nyansahu ne mfiridwuma ne nhwehwɛmu a wotintimii nnansa yi wɔ Macromolecular Rapid Communications mu no kyerɛwfo a ɔne no di nkitaho no kae.

Silicone ngo ne rɔba-polysiloxanes ne silsesquioxanes-yɛ nneɛma a wɔde tete nneɛma a ɛbɔ ho ban, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛko tia anyinam ahoɔden anaa ɔhyew a ɛsen. Wɔn nsu-a ɛko tia no ma ɛyɛ nea mfaso wɔ so wɔ biomedical mfiri, sealants, electronic coatings ne nea ɛkeka ho mu.

Saa bere yi nyinaa, semiconductor ahorow a wɔtaa de di dwuma no taa yɛ nea ɛyɛ den. Semiconducting silicone wɔ tumi a ɛbɛma wɔatumi ayɛ ɛlɛtrɔnik mfiri a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a Laine kaa ho asɛm no ne silicone a ɛwɔ kɔla ahorow nso.

Wɔ molecule gyinabea no, silicones yɛ akyi dompe a ɛyɛ silicon ne oxygen atom ahorow a ɛsesa (Si-O-Si) a organic (carbon-based) akuw a ɛbata silicon no ho. Polymer nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn ahorow a ɛyɛ 3D sɔre bere a ɛka wɔn ho wɔn ho ho, a wonim no sɛ cross-linking, a ɛsakra ade no honam fam su te sɛ ahoɔden anaa nea ɛtumi nwura mu.

Bere a wɔresua cross-linking structures ahorow wɔ silicone mu no, nhwehwɛmu kuw no hintiw tumi a anyinam ahoɔden tumi fa mu wɔ copolymer mu, a ɛyɛ polymer nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn a ɛwɔ repeating units-cage-structured ne afei linear silicones ahorow abien wɔ asɛm yi mu.

Nkɔsoɔ a ɛbɛtumi aba no firi ɔkwan a ɛlɛtrɔnik tumi fa so fa Si-O-Si nkitahodiɛ a ɛwɔ orbital a ɛka bom so. Semiconductors wɔ tebea atitiriw abien: asase tebea, a ɛnkɔ anyinam ahoɔden, ne tebea a ɛde anyinam ahoɔden kɔ, a ɛyɛ. Tebea a ɛde nsu kɔ baabiara a wɔsan frɛ no anigye tebea no ba bere a ɛlɛtrɔnik ahorow bi huruw kɔ ɛlɛtrɔnik kyinhyia a edi hɔ a ɛka bom fa ade no so te sɛ dade no so no.

Mpɛn pii no, Si-O-Si bond angles mma saa nkitahodi no ho kwan. Wɔ 110℃, wɔne kwan tenten fi 180℃tẽẽ kwan so. Nanso wɔ silicone copolymer a kuw no hui no mu no, saa nkitahodi ahorow yi fii ase wɔ digrii 140 wɔ fam tebea mu-na ɛtrɛw kɔ digrii 150 wɔ anigye tebea mu. Ná eyi dɔɔso sɛ ɛbɛma wɔanya ɔkwan kɛse bi a anyinam ahoɔden bɛsen.

"Eyi ma kwan ma nkitahodi a wɔnhwɛ kwan ba ɛlɛtrɔnik ntam wɔ nkitahodi ahorow pii a Si-O-Si nkitahodi a ɛwɔ saa copolymers yi mu ka ho," Laine kae. "Dodow a nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn no tenten ware no, dodow no ara na ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ ɛlɛtrɔnik ahorow betu kwan tenten, na ɛtew ahoɔden a ehia na ama wɔatwe hann na afei wɔayi afi mu wɔ ahoɔden a ɛba fam mu."

Semiconducting su a ɛwɔ silicone copolymers no mu nso ma ne kɔla ahorow a ɛyɛ soronko no tumi yɛ adwuma. Ɛlektrɔnik huruw kɔ fam ne tebea horow a ɛyɛ anigye ntam denam foton anaa hann nketenkete a ɛtwetwe na ɛma ɛba no so. Hann a ɛba no gyina copolymer nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn no tenten so, na Laine kuw no betumi adi so. Nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn tenten kyerɛ sɛ wohuruw nketenkete na ahoɔden a ɛba fam photon ahorow, na ɛma silicone no yɛ kɔkɔɔ. Nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn ntiantiaa hwehwɛ sɛ wohuruw akɛse fi ɛlɛtrɔnik ahorow no mu, enti ɛma hann a ahoɔden wom kɛse kɔ spektrum no awiei bruu no.

Nea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔakyerɛ abusuabɔ a ɛda nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn tenten ne hann a wɔtwe ne nea efi mu ba ntam no, nhwehwɛmufo no tetew copolymers a ɛsono nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn tenten mu na wɔhyehyɛɛ no ​​wɔ sɔhwɛ nsukorabea ahorow mu fi tenten kosi tiawa. UV kanea a ɛhyerɛn wɔ nsukorabea ahorow no so no ma nyankontɔn a ɛyɛ ma bere a emu biara twetwe hann no na ɛde ahoɔden ahorow fi mu no.

Kɔla ahorow a egyina copolymer nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn tenten so no yɛ soronko titiriw efisɛ ɛde besi saa bere yi no, nea wonim sɛ silicones yɛ nea ɛda adi anaasɛ ɛyɛ fitaa nkutoo efisɛ sɛnea ɛbɔ ho ban no ma wontumi nnye hann pii.

"Yɛrefa ade bi a obiara susuwii sɛ ɛnyɛ anyinam ahoɔden na yɛama no asetra foforo-a ebetumi ama awo ntoatoaso a edi hɔ a ɛyɛ ɛlɛtrɔnik mfiri a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na ɛyɛ mmerɛw no anya ahoɔden," Zijing (Jackie) Zhang, U-M oduruyɛfo sukuuni a ɔhwɛ nneɛma ho nyansahu ne mfiridwuma mu ne nhwehwɛmu no kyerɛwfo panyin kae.